THE
COMPOSITION OF MATTER IN CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION
Term of atom is first time
told by so called Greek philosopher of Demokritus with term " atomos"
with the meaning is indiscrete. Later then continued by Dalton. According to
Dalton atom considered to be stiff ball which cannot decompose again become
smaller particle particle. But pursuant to result of finding of research proved
that in the reality atom still have smaller elementary particles of pramer of the atom that is electron, proton,
and neutron. To know clearer about atomic structure hence in this article is
studied by about elementary perticle of atom, growth of atomic theory, electron
configuration, and nature of atom.
A. STRUCTURE
OF ATOM
a. Electron
Electron
Invention of electron early by attempt conducted by Crookes year 1875 by using cathode light
or ray tube yielding emit a stream of
from negative pole to positive pole indicate that light or ray of bermuatan
negative. Investigation hereinafter indicate that cathode light or ray
represent light and smallest particle. This research is continued by Thomson by
changing cathode with other metal in the reality it is same result. Thomson
conclude that cathode light or ray is negative particle which there are 2 at
all of atom of is so-called electron with device ? its mass very small that is 9,11 x 10-28 gram
is so that assumed do not charged.
b. Proton
Proton
found by Goldstein year 1886, by using appliance loo like tube of Crookes.
Cathode made by to have hole, tube filled with hydrogen gas yield canal
channel light or ray pass or through
hole channel at cathode, the sinat turned to negative electrics field. Please
conclude that light or ray of positive charged is so-called proton with payload
of as big as load electron.
c. Neutron
Neutron
found by James Chadwick year 1932 that is passing attempt by shooting off the
core of berilium with light or ray ? in the reality yield particle do not
bermuatan or neutral have mass to equal
to 1 atom H. Since finding of neutron believed that atom consist of pregnant
atomic nucleus of neutron and proton, while around him there are rotatory
electron encirclin it. Between one atom
with other atom differentiated by amount of the particle and non its type. Each
every neutral atom have nuclear charge is equal to charge of electron.
B. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
a. Element
Chemical element, or only referred as by element, is indiscrete
chemical Iihat vitamin again become smaller Iihat vitamin, or irreversible
become other chemical Iihat vitamin by using chemical method of habit. Element represent a[n Iihat vitamin
which only containing one atom type. Smallest particle of element is atom. Can
be said that by element is itself atom. A atom consist of atomic nucleus (
nukleus) and encircled by electron. Atomic nucleus consist of a number of
neutron and proton. Till is in this time known there are more or less 117
element in world.
b. Atom
Atom
is elementary unit from all object which consist of nucleus ( atomic nucleus)
and encircled by electron cloud of bermuatan negative. Atomic nucleus consist
of proton of bermuatan positive and neutral neutron ( except to [of] hydrogen
atom which [do] not there are neutron). Atom radius about around 3 - 15
nm.Elektron found on atom tied with atomic nucleus by electromagnetic style.
With that style also atom earn berikatan with other atom and form a molecule.
Up to now, atom cannot be seen by means of optic of manapun the including
microscope.
c. Compound
Compound represent single
Iihat vitamin consisting of two element or more able to be elaborated into more
simple form [pass/through] reaction of chemistry. Most ordinary single Iihat
vitamin of us find everyday represent to form of compound. Uliginous ( H2O ),
salt (Nacl), sand sugar ( CH3COOH ), and others. If heating sugar with high
heat, sugar will become aqueous vapour and carbon.
d. Mixture
Mixture [is a[n aliance from two Iihat vitamin or more which do
not coalesce chemically or its compiler Iihat vitamins still maintain in
character each is. Assorted of mixture deflect dikelompokan become two type
that is mixture of homogeny heterogeneous mixture and. In fact what that
homogeneous mixture ??? homogeneous mixture is mixture two Iihat vitamin type
or more which have cannot seen again boundary area among or between mixed Iihat vitamins. the
Boundary area cannot seen is though seen with microscope. Homogeneous mixture
often is also conceived of by
condensation. For example air representing mixture from various gas type. While heterogeneous mixture represent mixture
two Iihat vitamin or more which still seen its boundary area. For example
mixture irrigate with oil.
1. Solids
Solids have
a definite shape and a definite volume. Most everyday objects are solids:
rocks, chairs, ice, and anything with a specific shape and size. The molecules
in a solid are close together and connected by intermolecular bonds. Solids can
be amorphous, meaning that they have no particular structure, or they can be
arranged into crystalline structures or networks. For instance, soot, graphite,
and diamond are all made of elemental carbon, and they are all solids
2. Liquids
Liquids have
a definite volume, but they do not have a definite shape. Instead, they take
the shape of their container (or the shape of a puddle if there is no
container). The molecules are close, but not as close as a solid. The
intermolecular bonds are weak, so the molecules are free to slip past each
other, flowing smoothly. A property of liquids is viscosity, the measure of
"thickness" when flowing. Water is not nearly as viscous as molasses,
for example.
3. Gases
Gases have
no definite volume and no definite shape. They expand to fill the size and
shape of their container. The oxygen that we breathe and steam from a pot are
both examples of gases. The molecules are very far apart in a gas, and there
are minimal intermolecular forces. Each atom is free to move in any direction.
Gases undergo effusion and diffusion. Effusion occurs when a gas seeps through
a small hole, and diffusion occurs when a gas spreads out across a room. If
someone leaves a bottle of ammonia on a desk, and there is a hole in it,
eventually the entire room will reek of ammonia gas. That is due to the
diffusion and effusion. These properties of gas occur because the molecules are
not bonded to each other. Technically, a gas is called a vapor if it does not
occur at standard temperature and pressure (STP). STP is 0° C and 1.00 atm of
pressure. This is why we refer to water vapor rather than water gas.
Reference : Brady.1990. Kimia Dasar II . Bandung : Gama
Exact.
Coles. 1996. Kimia
Untuk Universitas. Jakarta: Rineka
Cipta.
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom
okay dara.. i want to ask you, specifically how to distinguish between compounds and molecules. explain your arguments ok thnks
BalasHapusa. Compound
HapusCompound represent single Iihat vitamin consisting of two element or more able to be elaborated into more simple form pass or through reaction of chemistry. Most ordinary single Iihat vitamin of us find everyday represent to form of compound. Uliginous ( H2O ), salt ( Naci ), sand sugar ( CH3COOH ), and others.
Differ from compiler component a[n mixture which still maintain the nature of its it[him] penysun unsure-unsur an compound have shall no longger show the nature of coming from of.
The example Cooking salt or known as by structured desk salt of element of klor and of natrium. This salt measure up to which is very differ from the nature of its compiler element.
b. Molecule
Molecule is Aliance from some element atom, can two or more. Its meaning when conversing molecule hence the conceived is atom atom aliance non 1 just atom. Molecule is smallest particle from a[n compound or element.
hi dara .. explain specifically what is the difference between subtance and element, and please give the example??
BalasHapusokay Jelpa, I will explain to you about that. substance is Element is an irreversible as vitamin into more ordinary simple form in a condition normal or. Equally element represent pure vitamin which cannot be elaborated to become simple vitamin pass or through reaction of chemistry. example : In everyday life surely him we have recognized some the element type for example : iron ( Fe ) and it is of course oxygen which we use for breathing. and element is chemical vitamin consisting of atom atom. so that form an element. but this element usually only consisting of is same element. the example of H2, O2. N2. Cl2 Etc.
Hapusif the hydrogen gas is mixed with oxygen gas to form materials that are liquid and transparent nature in contrast to hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, the material is?
BalasHapusokey Anisa, I will answer your question. It is Compound, because Compound is single vitamin consisting of some element which each other. Compound formed of to minimize 2 different element. Although formed of by different element, but compound remain to be referred as by single Iihat vitamin, because nature of element which forming it cannot in finding at compound. Equally Compound have transformed to become new vitamin. with reaction H + O2 ——–> H2O thanks
Hapus
BalasHapushydrogen element is composed of atoms anything?
hi mega. I will answer your question. hydrogen do not lapped over from other element element. but can lapped over from their self form ordinary hydrogen of H2. Hydrogen atom is atom coming from hydrogen chemical element. Neutral payload of atom contain one proton of bermuatan positive and electron of bermuatan negative which tied to nucleus by Coulomb law. Hydrogen atom consist of around 75 % in universe
HapusDara, when the mixture can be said to be homogeneous. try to explain?
BalasHapushi yulia, okey I will answer your questios. Homogeneous mixture represent mixture which every its shares contain the amount of dissolve Iihat vitamin is of equal size or mixture which cannot be differentiated by Iihat vitamin of pendispersi Iihat vitamin and of terdispersinya. The example is, sugar condensation, salt condensation, mixture of Cuso4 and water. THANKS
Hapushi, try to explain your arguments why the substance is not homogeneous and prove by argument and example
BalasHapusHello ferdi, I will answer your questions. a substances is not homogeneous because element is itself atom. A atom consist of atomic nucleus ( nukleus) and encircled by electron. Atomic nucleus consist of a number of neutron and proton. Till is in this time known there are more or less 117 element in world. he/she is referred as homogeneous if/when berikatan with other element and cannot be differentiated again which that vitamin of terdispersi and which its Iihat vitamin of him. element is selfsupporting. so that cannot have the character of homogeneously. thanks
HapusAccording to your own opinion please describe the nature of the compound?
BalasHapusokey Uul, I will answer your questions. The compound is Mixture an aliance from two vitamin or more which do not coalesce chemically or its compiler vitamins still maintain in character each. thanks
HapusAccording to your own opinion please describe the nature of the compound?
BalasHapusI am a little bit confuse about this, Why is every solution a mixture but not every mixture a solution? Would you like give me an explanation?
BalasHapusokey Hana, I will answer your question. that's because A solution is a mixture in which the components are evenly distributed and remain separate only on the molecular level. For example in sugar water has the same distribution of sugar and water throughout. A solution can also be called a homogeneous mixture. In other mixtures, however, the components remain more distinct from one another such that distinct particles or phases can be discerned. The different components are not evenly distributed. Mud is a good example of this: although mixed together, it is still possible to distinguish between the water and the soil particles. These are called heterogeneous mixtures. Thanks.
Hapuswe know that many theories about atoms, which theory that you think the most true? And please give me explain,thx
BalasHapusokey Fakhira, I will give you explanation about that, most real correct atomic theory according to me is modern atomic theory. because, modern atomic theory of newest atomic theory representing, become to represent atomic theory which at most accepting real correct renewal and input so that, can be concluded that theory of ato modern complete previous theory theory.
Hapushi dara, i want to ask you about atom, can you explain why atom cant be decomposed again? and give your opinion about that! thanks
BalasHapusD.a ... Please explain , what can be considered as a molecular compound ?
BalasHapusokey Ayu, we can considered with a compound is a type of molecule. A molecule is formed when two or more atoms of an element chemically join together. If the types of atoms are different from each other, a compound is formed. Not all molecules are compounds, since some molecules, such as hydrogen gas or ozone, consist only of one element or type of atom. thanks
HapusDalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks. But we know atoms are neutron, protons, and electron? Please give me your opinion?
BalasHapusokey Heni, my opinion about that is Dalton raise theory that each;every chemical element consist of single atom, with unique type, and though irreversible them or broken by chemistry, they earn to join to form more complex structure ( chemical compound). and different from proton, neutron and elektron is
Hapusa. Electron
Electron Invention of electron early, a stream of from negative pole to positive pole indicate that light or ray of bermuatan negative. Investigation hereinafter indicate that cathode light or ray represent light and smallest particle. This research is continued by Thomson by changing cathode with other metal in the reality it is same result. Thomson conclude that cathode light or ray is negative particle which there are 2 at all of atom of is so-called electron with device ? its mass very small that is 9,11 x 10-28 gram is so that assumed do not charged.
b. Proton
Proton found by Goldstein. Cathode made by to have hole, tube filled with hydrogen gas yield canal channel light or ray pass or through hole channel at cathode, the sinat turned to negative electrics field. Please conclude that light or ray of positive charged is so-called proton with payload of as big as load electron.
c. Neutron
Neutron found by James Chadwick year 1932 that is passing attempt by shooting off the core, Since finding of neutron believed that atom consist of pregnant atomic nucleus of neutron and proton, while around him there are rotatory electron encirclin it. Between one atom with other atom differentiated by amount of the particle and non its type. Each every neutral atom have nuclear charge is equal to charge of electron.
Give two examples of a homogenous mixture in daily life!
BalasHapusokey ayu, My opinion is
Hapusa. Water itself is an example of a homogeneous mixture. It often contains dissolved minerals and gases, but these are dissolved throughout the water. Tap water and rain water are both homogeneous, even though they may have different levels of dissolved minerals and gases.
b. A bottle of alcohol is a man-made homogeneous mixture, from a fine Italian wine to a glass of Scotch whisky.
c. In the human body, blood plasma is an example of a homogeneous mixture. This is a colorless fluid that holds the blood cells in suspension. It makes up a little more than half of the volume of human blood.
d. A cup of coffee is considered a homogeneous mixture. Does that change when sugar is dissolved into it? As a matter of fact, if the sugar is completely dissolved, the coffee is still considered homogeneous, since the mixture of coffee and sugar is uniform throughout the cup. thanks
What is nature of the atoms can not be subdivided? Explain to me please dara
BalasHapushow we can identification some things are compound or mixture when we just look at the physic characteristic of things ?
BalasHapusokey al, I will explain Compound represent single Iihat vitamin consisting of two element or more able to be elaborated into more simple form [pass/through] reaction of chemistry. Most ordinary single Iihat vitamin of us find everyday represent to form of compound, but Mixture is an aliance from two lok vitamin or more which do not coalesce chemically or its compiler Iihat vitamins still maintain in character each is. thanks
Hapushi dara i want to ask you about When was the CAN deliver gas Electricity? thnks
BalasHapusWhy atoms are called the smallest particles?
BalasHapus